Scippy

SCIP

Solving Constraint Integer Programs

branch_distribution.h
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1 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
2 /* */
3 /* This file is part of the program and library */
4 /* SCIP --- Solving Constraint Integer Programs */
5 /* */
6 /* Copyright (C) 2002-2015 Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum */
7 /* fuer Informationstechnik Berlin */
8 /* */
9 /* SCIP is distributed under the terms of the ZIB Academic License. */
10 /* */
11 /* You should have received a copy of the ZIB Academic License */
12 /* along with SCIP; see the file COPYING. If not email to scip@zib.de. */
13 /* */
14 /* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
15 
16 /**@file branch_distribution.h
17  * @ingroup BRANCHINGRULES
18  * @brief probability based branching rule based on an article by J. Pryor and J.W. Chinneck
19  * @author Gregor Hendel
20  *
21  * The distribution branching rule selects a variable based on its impact on row activity distributions. More formally,
22  * let \f$ a(x) = a_1 x_1 + \dots + a_n x_n \leq b \f$ be a row of the LP. Let further \f$ l_i, u_i \in R\f$ denote the
23  * (finite) lower and upper bound, respectively, of the \f$ i \f$-th variable \f$x_i\f$.
24  * Viewing every variable \f$x_i \f$ as (continuously) uniformly distributed within its bounds, we can approximately
25  * understand the row activity \f$a(x)\f$ as a gaussian random variate with mean value \f$ \mu = E[a(x)] = \sum_i a_i\frac{l_i + u_i}{2}\f$
26  * and variance \f$ \sigma^2 = \sum_i a_i^2 \sigma_i^2 \f$, with \f$ \sigma_i^2 = \frac{(u_i - l_i)^2}{12}\f$ for
27  * continuous and \f$ \sigma_i^2 = \frac{(u_i - l_i + 1)^2 - 1}{12}\f$ for discrete variables.
28  * With these two parameters, we can calculate the probability to satisfy the row in terms of the cumulative distribution
29  * of the standard normal distribution: \f$ P(a(x) \leq b) = \Phi(\frac{b - \mu}{\sigma})\f$.
30  *
31  * The impact of a variable on the probability to satisfy a constraint after branching can be estimated by altering
32  * the variable contribution to the sums described above. In order to keep the tree size small,
33  * variables are preferred which decrease the probability
34  * to satisfy a row because it is more likely to create infeasible subproblems.
35  *
36  * The selection of the branching variable is subject to the parameter @p scoreparam. For both branching directions,
37  * an individual score is calculated. Available options for scoring methods are:
38  * - @b d: select a branching variable with largest difference in satisfaction probability after branching
39  * - @b l: lowest cumulative probability amongst all variables on all rows (after branching).
40  * - @b h: highest cumulative probability amongst all variables on all rows (after branching).
41  * - @b v: highest number of votes for lowering row probability for all rows a variable appears in.
42  * - @b w: highest number of votes for increasing row probability for all rows a variable appears in.
43  *
44  * If the parameter @p usescipscore is set to @a TRUE, a single branching score is calculated from the respective
45  * up and down scores as defined by the SCIP branching score function (see advanced branching parameter @p scorefunc),
46  * otherwise, the variable with the single highest score is selected, and the maximizing direction is assigned
47  * higher branching priority.
48  *
49  * The original idea of probability based branching schemes appeared in:
50  *
51  * J. Pryor and J.W. Chinneck:@n
52  * Faster Integer-Feasibility in Mixed-Integer Linear Programs by Branching to Force Change@n
53  * Computers and Operations Research, vol. 38, 2011, p. 1143–1152@n
54  * (http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/chinneck/docs/PryorChinneck.pdf)
55  */
56 
57 /*---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+----8----+----9----+----0----+----1----+----2*/
58 
59 #ifndef __SCIP_BRANCH_DISTRIBUTION_H__
60 #define __SCIP_BRANCH_DISTRIBUTION_H__
61 
62 
63 #include "scip/scip.h"
64 
65 #ifdef __cplusplus
66 extern "C" {
67 #endif
68 
69 /** creates the distribution branching rule and includes it in SCIP */
70 extern
72  SCIP* scip /**< SCIP data structure */
73  );
74 
75 /** calculate the variable's distribution parameters (mean and variance) for the bounds specified in the arguments.
76  * special treatment of infinite bounds necessary */
77 extern
79  SCIP* scip, /**< SCIP data structure */
80  SCIP_Real varlb, /**< variable lower bound */
81  SCIP_Real varub, /**< variable upper bound */
82  SCIP_VARTYPE vartype, /**< type of the variable */
83  SCIP_Real* mean, /**< pointer to store mean value */
84  SCIP_Real* variance /**< pointer to store the variance of the variable uniform distribution */
85  );
86 
87 /** calculates the cumulative distribution P(-infinity <= x <= value) that a normally distributed
88  * random variable x takes a value between -infinity and parameter \p value.
89  *
90  * The distribution is given by the respective mean and deviation. This implementation
91  * uses the error function erf().
92  */
93 extern
95  SCIP* scip, /**< current SCIP */
96  SCIP_Real mean, /**< the mean value of the distribution */
97  SCIP_Real variance, /**< the square of the deviation of the distribution */
98  SCIP_Real value /**< the upper limit of the calculated distribution integral */
99  );
100 
101 /** calculates the probability of satisfying an LP-row under the assumption
102  * of uniformly distributed variable values.
103  *
104  * For inequalities, we use the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal
105  * distribution PHI(rhs - mu/sqrt(sigma2)) to calculate the probability
106  * for a right hand side row with mean activity mu and variance sigma2 to be satisfied.
107  * Similarly, 1 - PHI(lhs - mu/sqrt(sigma2)) is the probability to satisfy a left hand side row.
108  * For equations (lhs==rhs), we use the centeredness measure p = min(PHI(lhs'), 1-PHI(lhs'))/max(PHI(lhs'), 1 - PHI(lhs')),
109  * where lhs' = lhs - mu / sqrt(sigma2).
110  */
111 extern
113  SCIP* scip, /**< current scip */
114  SCIP_ROW* row, /**< the row */
115  SCIP_Real mu, /**< the mean value of the row distribution */
116  SCIP_Real sigma2, /**< the variance of the row distribution */
117  int rowinfinitiesdown, /**< the number of variables with infinite bounds to DECREASE activity */
118  int rowinfinitiesup /**< the number of variables with infinite bounds to INCREASE activity */
119  );
120 
121 /** update the up- and downscore of a single variable after calculating the impact of branching on a
122  * particular row, depending on the chosen score parameter
123  */
124 extern
126  SCIP* scip, /**< current SCIP pointer */
127  SCIP_Real currentprob, /**< the current probability */
128  SCIP_Real newprobup, /**< the new probability if branched upwards */
129  SCIP_Real newprobdown, /**< the new probability if branched downwards */
130  SCIP_Real* upscore, /**< pointer to store the new score for branching up */
131  SCIP_Real* downscore, /**< pointer to store the new score for branching down */
132  char scoreparam /**< parameter to determine the way the score is calculated */
133  );
134 
135 #ifdef __cplusplus
136 }
137 #endif
138 
139 #endif
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPincludeBranchruleDistribution(SCIP *scip)
struct SCIP_Row SCIP_ROW
Definition: type_lp.h:93
enum SCIP_Retcode SCIP_RETCODE
Definition: type_retcode.h:53
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPupdateDistributionScore(SCIP *scip, SCIP_Real currentprob, SCIP_Real newprobup, SCIP_Real newprobdown, SCIP_Real *upscore, SCIP_Real *downscore, char scoreparam)
SCIP_Real SCIPcalcCumulativeDistribution(SCIP *scip, SCIP_Real mean, SCIP_Real variance, SCIP_Real value)
void SCIPvarCalcDistributionParameters(SCIP *scip, SCIP_Real varlb, SCIP_Real varub, SCIP_VARTYPE vartype, SCIP_Real *mean, SCIP_Real *variance)
struct Scip SCIP
Definition: type_scip.h:30
SCIP_Real SCIProwCalcProbability(SCIP *scip, SCIP_ROW *row, SCIP_Real mu, SCIP_Real sigma2, int rowinfinitiesdown, int rowinfinitiesup)
#define SCIP_Real
Definition: def.h:124
enum SCIP_Vartype SCIP_VARTYPE
Definition: type_var.h:58
SCIP callable library.