paramset.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
/*                                                                           */
/*                  This file is part of the program and library             */
/*         SCIP --- Solving Constraint Integer Programs                      */
/*                                                                           */
/*    Copyright (C) 2002-2017 Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum                            */
/*                            fuer Informationstechnik Berlin                */
/*                                                                           */
/*  SCIP is distributed under the terms of the ZIB Academic License.         */
/*                                                                           */
/*  You should have received a copy of the ZIB Academic License              */
/*  along with SCIP; see the file COPYING. If not email to scip@zib.de.      */
/*                                                                           */
/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */

/**@file   paramset.c
 * @brief  methods for handling parameter settings
 * @author Tobias Achterberg
 * @author Timo Berthold
 * @author Stefan Heinz
 * @author Gerald Gamrath
 * @author Marc Pfetsch
 */

/*---+----1----+----2----+----3----+----4----+----5----+----6----+----7----+----8----+----9----+----0----+----1----+----2*/

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#else
#include <strings.h>
#endif

#include "scip/scip.h"
#include "scip/set.h"
#include "scip/paramset.h"

#include "scip/struct_paramset.h"



/*
 * Parameter methods
 */

/** hash key retrieval function for parameters */
static
SCIP_DECL_HASHGETKEY(hashGetKeyParam)
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)elem;
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->name;
}

/** tests whether parameter can be changed and issues an error message if it is fixed */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestFixed(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);

   if( param->isfixed )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> is fixed and cannot be changed. Unfix it to allow changing the value.\n", param->name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);

   if( value != TRUE && value != FALSE )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%d> for bool parameter <%s>. Must be <0> (FALSE) or <1> (TRUE).\n", value, param->name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   int                   value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   if( value < param->data.intparam.minvalue || value > param->data.intparam.maxvalue )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%d> for int parameter <%s>. Must be in range [%d,%d].\n",
         value, param->name, param->data.intparam.minvalue, param->data.intparam.maxvalue);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Longint          value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

   if( value < param->data.longintparam.minvalue || value > param->data.longintparam.maxvalue )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT "> for longint parameter <%s>. Must be in range [%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT ",%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT "].\n",
         value, param->name, param->data.longintparam.minvalue, param->data.longintparam.maxvalue);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Real             value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

   if( value < param->data.realparam.minvalue || value > param->data.realparam.maxvalue )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%.15g> for real parameter <%s>. Must be in range [%.15g,%.15g].\n",
         value, param->name, param->data.realparam.minvalue, param->data.realparam.maxvalue);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char                  value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);

   if( value == '\b' || value == '\f' || value == '\n' || value == '\r' || value == '\v' )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%x> for char parameter <%s>.\n", (int)value, param->name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   if( param->data.charparam.allowedvalues != NULL )
   {
      char* c;

      c = param->data.charparam.allowedvalues;
      while( *c != '\0' && *c != value )
         c++;

      if( *c != value )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid value <%c> for char parameter <%s>. Must be in set {%s}.\n",
            value, param->name, param->data.charparam.allowedvalues);
         return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
      }
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** tests parameter value according to the given feasible domain; issues an error message if value was invalid */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramTestString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           value               /**< value to test */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   unsigned int i;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING);

   if( value == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("Cannot assign a NULL string to a string parameter.\n");
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
   }

   for( i = 0; i < (unsigned int) strlen(value); ++i )
   {
      if( value[i] == '\b' || value[i] == '\f' || value[i] == '\n' || value[i] == '\r' || value[i] == '\v' )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("Invalid character <%x> in string parameter <%s> at position %d.\n", (int)value[i], param->name, i);
         return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGVAL;
      }
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** writes the parameter to a file */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramWrite(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   FILE*                 file,               /**< file stream to write parameter to, or NULL for stdout  */
   SCIP_Bool             comments,           /**< should parameter descriptions be written as comments? */
   SCIP_Bool             onlychanged         /**< should only the parameters been written, that are changed from default? */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* write parameters at default values only, if the onlychanged flag is not set or if the parameter is fixed */
   if( onlychanged && SCIPparamIsDefault(param) && !SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      return SCIP_OKAY;

   /* write parameter description, bounds, and defaults as comments */
   if( comments )
   {
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# %s\n", param->desc);
      switch( param->paramtype )
      {
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: bool, advanced: %s, range: {TRUE,FALSE}, default: %s]\n",
               SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
               param->data.boolparam.defaultvalue ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
         break;
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: int, advanced: %s, range: [%d,%d], default: %d]\n",
            SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
            param->data.intparam.minvalue, param->data.intparam.maxvalue, param->data.intparam.defaultvalue);
         break;
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: longint, advanced: %s, range: [%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT ",%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT "], default: %" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT "]\n",
               SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
               param->data.longintparam.minvalue, param->data.longintparam.maxvalue, param->data.longintparam.defaultvalue);
         break;
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: real, advanced: %s, range: [%.15g,%.15g], default: %.15g]\n",
            SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
            param->data.realparam.minvalue, param->data.realparam.maxvalue, param->data.realparam.defaultvalue);
         break;
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: char, advanced: %s, range: {%s}, default: %c]\n",
            SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
            param->data.charparam.allowedvalues != NULL ? param->data.charparam.allowedvalues : "all chars",
            param->data.charparam.defaultvalue);
         break;
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# [type: string, advanced: %s, default: \"%s\"]\n",
               SCIPparamIsAdvanced(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE",
               param->data.stringparam.defaultvalue);
         break;
      default:
         SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
         return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
      }
   }

   /* write parameter value */
   SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%s = ", param->name);
   switch( param->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%s", SCIPparamGetBool(param) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%d", SCIPparamGetInt(param));
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT "", SCIPparamGetLongint(param));
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%.15g", SCIPparamGetReal(param));
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "%c", SCIPparamGetChar(param));
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "\"%s\"", SCIPparamGetString(param));
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
      return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
   }

   /* write "fix" after value if parameter is fixed */
   if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, " fix");

   SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "\n");

   if( comments )
      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "\n");

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if a bool parameter exits with the given parameter name it is set to the new value */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramSetBool(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname,          /**< parameter name */
   SCIP_Bool             value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);

      if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      {
         SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "hard coded parameter <%s> is fixed and is thus not changed.\n", param->name);

         return SCIP_OKAY;
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   else
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown hard coded bool parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if an char parameter exits with the given parameter name it is set to the new value */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramSetChar(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname,          /**< parameter name */
   char                  value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);

      if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      {
         SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "hard coded parameter <%s> is fixed and is thus not changed.\n", param->name);

         return SCIP_OKAY;
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   else
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown hard coded char parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if an integer parameter exits with the given parameter name it is set to the new value */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramSetInt(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname,          /**< parameter name */
   int                   value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

      if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      {
         SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "hard coded parameter <%s> is fixed and is thus not changed.\n", param->name);

         return SCIP_OKAY;
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   else
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown hard coded int parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if a long integer parameter exits with the given parameter name it is set to the new value */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramSetLongint(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname,          /**< parameter name */
   SCIP_Longint          value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

      if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      {
         SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "hard coded parameter <%s> is fixed and is thus not changed.\n", param->name);

         return SCIP_OKAY;
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   else
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown hard coded longint parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** if a real parameter exits with the given parameter name it is set to the new value */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramSetReal(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname,          /**< parameter name */
   SCIP_Real             value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

      if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
      {
         SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "hard coded parameter <%s> is fixed and is thus not changed.\n", param->name);

         return SCIP_OKAY;
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   else
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown hard coded real parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
   }
#endif

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source Bool parameter to target Bool parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source Bool parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target Bool parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   SCIP_Bool value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetBool(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source int parameter to target int parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source int parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target int parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   int value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetInt(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source longint parameter to target longint parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source longint parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target longint parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   SCIP_Longint value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetLongint(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source real parameter to target real parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source real parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target real parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   SCIP_Real value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetReal(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source char parameter to target char parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source char parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target char parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   char value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetChar(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** copies value of source string parameter to target string parameter*/
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCopyString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           sourceparam,        /**< source string parameter */
   SCIP_PARAM*           targetparam,        /**< target string parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   char* value;

   assert(sourceparam != NULL);
   assert(targetparam != NULL);

   /* get value of source parameter and copy it to target parameter */
   value = SCIPparamGetString(sourceparam);
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(targetparam, set, messagehdlr, value, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** returns type of parameter */
SCIP_PARAMTYPE SCIPparamGetType(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->paramtype;
}

/** returns name of parameter */
const char* SCIPparamGetName(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->name;
}

/** returns description of parameter */
const char* SCIPparamGetDesc(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->desc;
}

/** returns locally defined parameter specific data */
SCIP_PARAMDATA* SCIPparamGetData(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->paramdata;
}

/** returns whether parameter is advanced */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsAdvanced(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->isadvanced;
}

/** returns whether parameter is fixed */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsFixed(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return param->isfixed;
}

/** returns value of SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamGetBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);

   if( param->data.boolparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.boolparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.boolparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns default value of SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamGetBoolDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);

   return param->data.boolparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns value of int parameter */
int SCIPparamGetInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   if( param->data.intparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.intparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.intparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns minimal value of int parameter */
int SCIPparamGetIntMin(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   return param->data.intparam.minvalue;
}

/** returns maximal value of int parameter */
int SCIPparamGetIntMax(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   return param->data.intparam.maxvalue;
}

/** returns default value of int parameter */
int SCIPparamGetIntDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   return param->data.intparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns value of SCIP_Longint parameter */
SCIP_Longint SCIPparamGetLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

   if( param->data.longintparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.longintparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.longintparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns minimal value of longint parameter */
SCIP_Longint SCIPparamGetLongintMin(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

   return param->data.longintparam.minvalue;
}

/** returns maximal value of longint parameter */
SCIP_Longint SCIPparamGetLongintMax(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

   return param->data.longintparam.maxvalue;
}

/** returns default value of SCIP_Longint parameter */
SCIP_Longint SCIPparamGetLongintDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);

   return param->data.longintparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns value of SCIP_Real parameter */
SCIP_Real SCIPparamGetReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

   if( param->data.realparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.realparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.realparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns minimal value of real parameter */
SCIP_Real SCIPparamGetRealMin(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

   return param->data.realparam.minvalue;
}

/** returns maximal value of real parameter */
SCIP_Real SCIPparamGetRealMax(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

   return param->data.realparam.maxvalue;
}

/** returns default value of SCIP_Real parameter */
SCIP_Real SCIPparamGetRealDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);

   return param->data.realparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns value of char parameter */
char SCIPparamGetChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);

   if( param->data.charparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.charparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.charparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns allowed values of char parameter, or NULL if everything is allowed */
char* SCIPparamGetCharAllowedValues(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);

   return param->data.charparam.allowedvalues;
}

/** returns default value of char parameter */
char SCIPparamGetCharDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);

   return param->data.charparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns value of string parameter */
char* SCIPparamGetString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING);

   if( param->data.stringparam.valueptr != NULL )
      return *param->data.stringparam.valueptr;
   else
      return param->data.stringparam.curvalue;
}

/** returns default value of String parameter */
char* SCIPparamGetStringDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING);

   return param->data.stringparam.defaultvalue;
}

/** returns whether the parameter is on its default setting */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   switch( param->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
      return (SCIPparamGetBool(param) == SCIPparamGetBoolDefault(param));

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
      return (SCIPparamGetInt(param) == SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param));

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
      return (SCIPparamGetLongint(param) == SCIPparamGetLongintDefault(param));

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      return EPSZ(SCIPparamGetReal(param) - SCIPparamGetRealDefault(param), 1e-16);

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      return (SCIPparamGetChar(param) == SCIPparamGetCharDefault(param));

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      return (strcmp(SCIPparamGetString(param), SCIPparamGetStringDefault(param)) == 0);

   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
      SCIPABORT();
      return FALSE; /*lint !e527*/
   }
}

/** creates a parameter with name and description, does not set the type specific parameter values themselves */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreate(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata,          /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced          /**< is the parameter advanced? */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);
   assert(desc != NULL);

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocBlockMemory(blkmem, param) );

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(&(*param)->name, name, strlen(name)+1) );
   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(&(*param)->desc, desc, strlen(desc)+1) );

   (*param)->paramchgd = paramchgd;
   (*param)->paramdata = paramdata;
   (*param)->isadvanced = isadvanced;
   (*param)->isfixed = FALSE;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Bool parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateBool(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool*            valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL;
   (*param)->data.boolparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   (*param)->data.boolparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a int parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateInt(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   int*                  valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   int                   defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   int                   minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   int                   maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT;
   (*param)->data.intparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   (*param)->data.intparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
   (*param)->data.intparam.minvalue = minvalue;
   (*param)->data.intparam.maxvalue = maxvalue;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Longint parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint*         valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Longint          defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT;
   (*param)->data.longintparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   (*param)->data.longintparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
   (*param)->data.longintparam.minvalue = minvalue;
   (*param)->data.longintparam.maxvalue = maxvalue;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Real parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateReal(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real*            valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Real             defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real             minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   SCIP_Real             maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL;
   (*param)->data.realparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   (*param)->data.realparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
   (*param)->data.realparam.minvalue = minvalue;
   (*param)->data.realparam.maxvalue = maxvalue;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a char parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateChar(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   char*                 valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   char                  defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   const char*           allowedvalues,      /**< array with possible parameter values, or NULL if not restricted */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR;
   (*param)->data.charparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   (*param)->data.charparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
   if( allowedvalues != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(&(*param)->data.charparam.allowedvalues, allowedvalues, strlen(allowedvalues)+1) );
   }
   else
      (*param)->data.charparam.allowedvalues = NULL;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a string parameter, and sets its value to default */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramCreateString(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   char**                valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   const char*           defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(name != NULL);
   assert(valueptr == NULL || *valueptr == NULL);
   assert(defaultvalue != NULL);

   SCIP_CALL( paramCreate(param, blkmem, name, desc, paramchgd, paramdata, isadvanced) );

   (*param)->paramtype = SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING;
   (*param)->data.stringparam.valueptr = valueptr;
   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(&(*param)->data.stringparam.defaultvalue, defaultvalue, strlen(defaultvalue)+1) );
   (*param)->data.stringparam.curvalue = NULL;

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(*param, NULL, messagehdlr, defaultvalue, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees a single parameter */
static
void paramFree(
   SCIP_PARAM**          param,              /**< pointer to the parameter */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(*param != NULL);

   switch( (*param)->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      BMSfreeMemoryArrayNull(&(*param)->data.charparam.allowedvalues);
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      BMSfreeMemoryArray(&(*param)->data.stringparam.defaultvalue);
      if( (*param)->data.stringparam.valueptr == NULL )
      {
         BMSfreeMemoryArray(&(*param)->data.stringparam.curvalue);
      }
      else
      {
         BMSfreeMemoryArray((*param)->data.stringparam.valueptr);
      }
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter type\n");
      /* just continuing the function in this case seems save */
      SCIPABORT();
   }

   BMSfreeMemoryArray(&(*param)->name);
   BMSfreeMemoryArray(&(*param)->desc);
   BMSfreeBlockMemory(blkmem, param);
}

/** sets SCIP_Bool parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   if( strcasecmp(valuestr, "TRUE") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, TRUE, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else if( strcasecmp(valuestr, "FALSE") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for SCIP_Bool parameter <%s>\n", valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets int parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   int value;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   if( sscanf(valuestr, "%d", &value) == 1 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for int parameter <%s>\n", valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets SCIP_Longint parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   SCIP_Longint value;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   if( sscanf(valuestr, "%" SCIP_LONGINT_FORMAT, &value) == 1 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for SCIP_Longint parameter <%s>\n", valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets SCIP_Real parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   SCIP_Real value;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   if( sscanf(valuestr, "%" SCIP_REAL_FORMAT, &value) == 1 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for SCIP_Real parameter <%s>\n", valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets Char parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   char value;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   if( sscanf(valuestr, "%c", &value) == 1 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for char parameter <%s>\n", valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets string parameter according to the value of the given string */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramParseString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 valuestr            /**< value in string format (may be modified during parse) */
   )
{
   unsigned int len;

   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING);
   assert(set != NULL);
   assert(valuestr != NULL);

   /* check for quotes */
   len = (unsigned int) strlen(valuestr);
   if( len <= 1 || valuestr[0] != '"' || valuestr[len-1] != '"' )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("invalid parameter value <%s> for string parameter <%s> (string has to be in double quotes)\n",
         valuestr, param->name);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   /* remove the quotes */
   valuestr[len-1] = '\0';
   valuestr++;
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(param, set, messagehdlr, valuestr, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/*
 * Parameter set methods
 */

/** creates parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetCreate(
   SCIP_PARAMSET**       paramset,           /**< pointer to store the parameter set */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   assert(paramset != NULL);

   SCIP_ALLOC( BMSallocMemory(paramset) );

   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashtableCreate(&(*paramset)->hashtable, blkmem, SCIP_HASHSIZE_PARAMS,
         hashGetKeyParam, SCIPhashKeyEqString, SCIPhashKeyValString, NULL) );

   (*paramset)->params = NULL;
   (*paramset)->nparams = 0;
   (*paramset)->paramssize = 0;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** frees parameter set */
void SCIPparamsetFree(
   SCIP_PARAMSET**       paramset,           /**< pointer to the parameter set */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem              /**< block memory */
   )
{
   int i;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(*paramset != NULL);
   assert((*paramset)->paramssize == 0 || (*paramset)->params != NULL);
   assert((*paramset)->paramssize >= (*paramset)->nparams);

   for( i = (*paramset)->nparams - 1; i >= 0; --i )
   {
      paramFree(&(*paramset)->params[i], blkmem);
   }

   SCIPhashtableFree(&(*paramset)->hashtable);

   BMSfreeMemoryArrayNull(&(*paramset)->params);
   BMSfreeMemory(paramset);
}

/** adds parameter to the parameter set */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetAdd(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_PARAM*           param               /**< parameter to add */
   )
{
   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* insert the parameter name to the hash table */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPhashtableSafeInsert(paramset->hashtable, (void*)param) );

   /* ensure, that there is enough space in the params array */
   if( paramset->nparams >= paramset->paramssize )
   {
      paramset->paramssize *= 2;
      paramset->paramssize = MAX(paramset->paramssize, paramset->nparams+1);
      SCIP_ALLOC( BMSreallocMemoryArray(&paramset->params, paramset->paramssize) );
   }
   assert(paramset->nparams < paramset->paramssize);

   /* insert parameter in the params array */
   paramset->params[paramset->nparams] = param;
   paramset->nparams++;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Bool parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddBool(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool*            valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateBool(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a int parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddInt(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   int*                  valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   int                   defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   int                   minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   int                   maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateInt(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, minvalue, maxvalue,
         paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Longint parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddLongint(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint*         valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Longint          defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateLongint(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, minvalue, maxvalue,
         paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a SCIP_Real parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddReal(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real*            valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   SCIP_Real             defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real             minvalue,           /**< minimum value for parameter */
   SCIP_Real             maxvalue,           /**< maximum value for parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateReal(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, minvalue, maxvalue,
         paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a char parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddChar(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   char*                 valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   char                  defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   const char*           allowedvalues,      /**< array with possible parameter values, or NULL if not restricted */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateChar(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, allowedvalues,
         paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** creates a string parameter, sets it to its default value, and adds it to the parameter set */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetAddString(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   BMS_BLKMEM*           blkmem,             /**< block memory */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           desc,               /**< description of the parameter */
   char**                valueptr,           /**< pointer to store the current parameter value, or NULL */
   SCIP_Bool             isadvanced,         /**< is this parameter an advanced parameter? */
   const char*           defaultvalue,       /**< default value of the parameter */
   SCIP_DECL_PARAMCHGD   ((*paramchgd)),     /**< change information method of parameter */
   SCIP_PARAMDATA*       paramdata           /**< locally defined parameter specific data */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* create the parameter */
   SCIP_CALL( paramCreateString(&param, messagehdlr, blkmem, name, desc, valueptr, isadvanced, defaultvalue, paramchgd, paramdata) );

   /* add parameter to the parameter set */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetAdd(paramset, param) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** returns the name of the given parameter type */
static
const char* paramtypeGetName(
   SCIP_PARAMTYPE        paramtype           /**< type of parameter */
   )
{
   static const char* paramtypename[] = {
      "Bool",    /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL    = 0 */
      "int",     /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT     = 1 */
      "Longint", /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT = 2 */
      "Real",    /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL    = 3 */
      "char",    /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR    = 4 */
      "string"   /* SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING  = 5 */
   };

   return paramtypename[(int)paramtype];
}

/** returns whether an existing parameter is fixed */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamsetIsFixed(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name                /**< name of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      SCIPABORT();
      return FALSE; /*lint !e527*/
   }

   return SCIPparamIsFixed(param);
}

/** returns the pointer to an existing SCIP parameter */
SCIP_PARAM* SCIPparamsetGetParam(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name                /**< name of the parameter */
   )
{
   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table and return it */
   return (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
}

/** gets the value of an existing SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetBool(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool*            value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetBool(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** gets the value of an existing int parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetInt(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   int*                  value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetInt(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** gets the value of an existing SCIP_Longint parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetLongint(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint*         value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetLongint(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** gets the value of an existing SCIP_Real parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetReal(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real*            value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetReal(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** gets the value of an existing char parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetChar(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   char*                 value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetChar(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** gets the value of an existing string parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetGetString(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   char**                value               /**< pointer to store the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(value != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n", 
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* get the parameter's current value */
   *value = SCIPparamGetString(param);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the fixing status of an existing parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetFix(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             fixed               /**< new fixing status of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }

   SCIPparamSetFixed(param, fixed);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSet(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   void*                 value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }

   switch( param->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, (SCIP_Bool) (size_t) value, FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case  SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(param, set, messagehdlr, (int) (size_t) value, FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, (SCIP_Longint) (size_t) value, FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(param, set, messagehdlr, (SCIP_Real) (size_t) value, FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(param, set, messagehdlr, (char) (size_t) value, FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      /* set the parameter's current value */
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(param, set, messagehdlr,  (char*) value, TRUE) );
      break;

   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
      return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetBool(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the default value of an existing SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetDefaultBool(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             defaultvalue        /**< new default value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's default value */
   SCIPparamSetDefaultBool(param, defaultvalue);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing int parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetInt(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   int                   value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the default value of an existing int parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetDefaultInt(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   int                   defaultvalue        /**< new default value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's default value */
   SCIPparamSetDefaultInt(param, defaultvalue);

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing SCIP_Longint parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetLongint(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing SCIP_Real parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetReal(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   SCIP_Real             value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing char parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetChar(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   char                  value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(param, set, messagehdlr, value, FALSE, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** changes the value of an existing string parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetString(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           name,               /**< name of the parameter */
   const char*           value               /**< new value of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(set != NULL);

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)name);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter <%s> unknown\n", name);
      return SCIP_PARAMETERUNKNOWN;
   }
   if( param->paramtype != SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("wrong parameter type - parameter <%s> has type <%s> instead of <%s>\n",
         name, paramtypeGetName(param->paramtype), paramtypeGetName(SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING));
      return SCIP_PARAMETERWRONGTYPE;
   }

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(param, set, messagehdlr, value, TRUE) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** parses emphasis settings */
static
SCIP_RETCODE emphasisParse(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 line                /**< line to parse (is modified during parse, but not freed) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAMSETTING paramsetting;
   SCIP_Bool globalemphasis = FALSE;
   char* paramname;
   char* paramvaluestr;

   assert( paramset != NULL );
   assert( line != NULL );

   /* find the start of the parameter name */
   while ( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
      line++;
   if ( *line == '\0' || *line == '\n' || *line == '#' )
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   paramname = line;

   /* find the end of the parameter name */
   while ( *line != ' ' && *line != '\t' && *line != '\r' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' && *line != '\0' && *line != '=' && *line != ':' )
      line++;
   *line = '\0';
   ++line;

   /* check for global emphasis settings */
   if ( strcmp(paramname, "default") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_DEFAULT, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "counter") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_COUNTER, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "cpsolver") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_CPSOLVER, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "easycip") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_EASYCIP, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "feasibility") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_FEASIBILITY, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "hardlp") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_HARDLP, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "optimality") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(paramset, set, messagehdlr, SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_OPTIMALITY, FALSE) );
      globalemphasis = TRUE;
   }

   /* check whether rest of line is clean */
   if ( globalemphasis )
   {
      /* check, if the rest of the line is clean */
      while ( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
         ++line;
      if ( *line != '\0' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("additional characters after global emphasis setting: %s.\n", line);
         return SCIP_READERROR;
      }
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   /* find the start of the parameter value string */
   while ( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
      ++line;
   if ( *line == '\0' || *line == '\n' || *line == '#' )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("emphasis parameter value is missing\n");
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }
   paramvaluestr = line;

   /* find the end of the parameter value string */
   while ( *line != ' ' && *line != '\t' && *line != '\r' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' && *line != '\0' )
      ++line;

   if ( *line == '#' )
      *line = '\0';
   else if ( *line != '\0' )
   {
      *line = '\0';
      ++line;
      /* check, if the rest of the line is clean */
      while ( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
         ++line;
      if ( *line != '\0' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("additional characters after emphasis parameter value: %s.\n", line);
         return SCIP_READERROR;
      }
   }

   /* determine type of setting */
   if ( strcmp(paramvaluestr, "default") == 0 )
      paramsetting = SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT;
   else if ( strcmp(paramvaluestr, "aggressive") == 0 )
      paramsetting = SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE;
   else if ( strcmp(paramvaluestr, "fast") == 0 )
      paramsetting = SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST;
   else if ( strcmp(paramvaluestr, "off") == 0 )
      paramsetting = SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF;
   else
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("unkown parameter setting: %s.\n", paramvaluestr);
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }

   /* check which kind of emphasis we want to set */
   if ( strcmp(paramname, "heuristics") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSetHeuristics(set, messagehdlr, paramsetting, FALSE) );
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "presolving") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSetPresolving(set, messagehdlr, paramsetting, FALSE) );
   }
   else if ( strcmp(paramname, "separating") == 0 )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSetSeparating(set, messagehdlr, paramsetting, FALSE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** parses a parameter file line "paramname = paramvalue" and sets parameter accordingly */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetParse(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char*                 line,               /**< line to parse (is modified during parse, but not freed) */
   SCIP_Bool*            foundnormalparam    /**< pointer to store whether a normal parameter (not emphasis setting) has been found */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;
   char* paramname;
   char* paramvaluestr;
   char* paramend;
   char* lastquote;
   SCIP_Bool quoted;
   SCIP_Bool fix = FALSE;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(line != NULL);
   assert(foundnormalparam != NULL);

   /* find the start of the parameter name */
   while( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
      line++;
   if( *line == '\0' || *line == '\n' || *line == '#' )
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   paramname = line;

   /* find the end of the parameter name */
   while( *line != ' ' && *line != '\t' && *line != '\r' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' && *line != '\0' && *line != '=' && *line != ':' )
      line++;
   paramend = line;

   /* skip possible whitespace */
   while( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
      line++;

   /* check whether first part consists of "emphasis:" */
   if ( *line == ':' )
   {
      *paramend = '\0';  /* could have paramend == line */
      if ( strcmp(paramname, "emphasis") != 0 )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("expected \"emphasis:\" at beginning of line.\n");
         return SCIP_READERROR;
      }

      /* check that emphasis settings only appear at beginning of file */
      if ( *foundnormalparam )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("emphasis settings have to appear at top of file.\n");
         return SCIP_READERROR;
      }

      /* parse emphasis line */
      SCIP_CALL( emphasisParse(paramset, set, messagehdlr, line+1) );        /* message handler */
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }
   else if ( *line != '=' )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("expected character '=' after the parameter name.\n");
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }
   *paramend = '\0';  /* could have paramend == line */
   ++line;

   /* find the start of the parameter value string */
   while( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
      line++;
   if( *line == '\0' || *line == '\n' || *line == '#' )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("parameter value is missing\n");
      return SCIP_READERROR;
   }
   paramvaluestr = line;

   /* find the end of the parameter value string */
   quoted = (*paramvaluestr == '"');
   lastquote = NULL;
   while( (quoted || (*line != ' ' && *line != '\t' && *line != '\r' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#')) && *line != '\0' )
   {
      if( *line == '"' )
         lastquote = line;
      line++;
   }
   if( lastquote != NULL )
      line = lastquote+1;
   if( *line == '#' )
      *line = '\0';
   else if( *line != '\0' )
   {
      /* check, if the rest of the line is clean */
      *line = '\0';
      line++;
      while( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
         line++;
      if( *line == 'f' && *(line+1) == 'i' && *(line+2) == 'x' )
      {
         fix = TRUE;
         line += 3;

         while( *line == ' ' || *line == '\t' || *line == '\r' )
            line++;
      }
      if( *line != '\0' && *line != '\n' && *line != '#' )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("additional characters <%c> after parameter value (and possible 'fix' keyword)\n", *line);
         return SCIP_READERROR;
      }
   }

   /* retrieve parameter from hash table */
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param == NULL )
   {
      SCIPmessagePrintWarning(messagehdlr, "unknown parameter <%s>\n", paramname);
      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   SCIPparamSetFixed(param, FALSE);

   /* set parameter's value */
   switch( param->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseBool(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseInt(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseReal(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseChar(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      SCIP_CALL( paramParseString(param, set, messagehdlr, paramvaluestr) );
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
      return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
   }

   if( fix )
      SCIPparamSetFixed(param, TRUE);

   *foundnormalparam = TRUE;

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** reads parameters from a file */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetRead(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           filename            /**< file name */
   )
{
   SCIP_RETCODE retcode;
   SCIP_Bool foundnormalparam = FALSE;
   FILE* file;
   char line[1024];
   int lineno;

   assert(paramset != NULL);
   assert(filename != NULL);

   /* open the file for reading */
   file = fopen(filename, "r");
   if( file == NULL )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("cannot open file <%s> for reading\n", filename);
      SCIPprintSysError(filename);
      return SCIP_NOFILE;
   }

   /* read the parameters from the file */
   lineno = 0;
   retcode = SCIP_OKAY;
   while( fgets(line, (int) sizeof(line), file) != NULL && retcode == SCIP_OKAY )
   {
      lineno++;
      retcode = paramsetParse(paramset, set, messagehdlr, line, &foundnormalparam);
   }

   /* close input file */
   fclose(file);

   if( retcode == SCIP_READERROR )
   {
      SCIPerrorMessage("input error in file <%s> line %d\n", filename, lineno);
   }
   else
   {
      SCIP_CALL( retcode );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** writes all parameters in the parameter set to a file */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetWrite(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           filename,           /**< file name, or NULL for stdout */
   SCIP_Bool             comments,           /**< should parameter descriptions be written as comments? */
   SCIP_Bool             onlychanged         /**< should only the parameters been written, that are changed from default? */
   )
{
   SCIP_RETCODE retcode;
   FILE* file;
   SCIP_Bool oldquiet = FALSE;
   int i;

   assert(paramset != NULL);

   /* open the file for writing */
   if( filename != NULL )
   {
      file = fopen(filename, "w");
      if( file == NULL )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("cannot open file <%s> for writing\n", filename);
         SCIPprintSysError(filename);
         return SCIP_FILECREATEERROR;
      }

      /* temporarily set the quiet flag of the message handler to FALSE */
      if( messagehdlr != NULL )
      {
         oldquiet = SCIPmessagehdlrIsQuiet(messagehdlr);
         SCIPmessagehdlrSetQuiet(messagehdlr, FALSE);
      }
   }
   else
      file = NULL;

   if( comments )
   {
      /* display the SCIP version as comment in the first line */
#if( SCIP_SUBVERSION == 0 )
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# SCIP version %d.%d.%d\n", 
            SCIP_VERSION/100, (SCIP_VERSION/10) % 10, SCIP_VERSION % 10); /*lint !e778*/
#else
         SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "# SCIP version %d.%d.%d.%d\n", 
            SCIP_VERSION/100, (SCIP_VERSION/10) % 10, SCIP_VERSION % 10, SCIP_SUBVERSION); /*lint !e778*/
#endif

      SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, file, "\n");
   }

   /* write the parameters to the file */
   for( i = 0; i < paramset->nparams; ++i )
   {
      retcode = paramWrite(paramset->params[i], messagehdlr, file, comments, onlychanged);
      if( retcode != SCIP_OKAY )
      {
         if( filename != NULL )
         {
            assert(file != NULL);
            fclose(file);
         }
         SCIP_CALL( retcode );
      }
   }

   /* close output file */
   if( filename != NULL )
   {
      assert(file != NULL);  /*lint !e449*/

      /* reset the quiet flag of the message handler */
      if( messagehdlr != NULL )
      {
         SCIPmessagehdlrSetQuiet(messagehdlr, oldquiet);
      }

      fclose(file);
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** installs default values for all parameters */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetToDefaults(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler */
   )
{
   int i;

   /* set all parameters to their default values */
   for( i = 0; i < paramset->nparams; ++i )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetToDefault(paramset->params[i], set, messagehdlr) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** installs default value for a single parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           paramname           /**< name of the parameter */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;

   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

   if( param != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetToDefault(param, set, messagehdlr) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** resets parameters changed by SCIPparamsetSetHeuristicsXyz functions to their default values
 *
 *  @note fixed parameters stay as they are; you need to unfix them first if they should be changed, too
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetHeuristicsDefault(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_HEUR** heurs;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nheurs;
   int i;

   heurs = set->heurs;
   nheurs = set->nheurs;

   for( i = 0; i < nheurs; ++i )
   {
      const char* heurname;
      heurname = SCIPheurGetName(heurs[i]);

      /* set frequency parameter to default */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/freq", heurname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* set LP iteration offset to default */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/maxlpiterofs", heurname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* set LP iteration quota to default */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/maxlpiterquot", heurname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
   }

   /* set specific parameters for RENS heuristic */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/rens/nodesofs") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/rens/minfixingrate") );

   /* set specific parameters for Crossover heuristic */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/nwaitingnodes") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/dontwaitatroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/nodesquot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/minfixingrate") );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets heuristics to aggressive */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetHeuristicsAggressive(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_HEUR** heurs;
   SCIP_PARAM* param;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nheurs;
   int i;

   heurs = set->heurs;
   nheurs = set->nheurs;

   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   for( i = 0; i < nheurs; ++i )
   {
      const char* heurname;
      heurname = SCIPheurGetName(heurs[i]);

      /* dualval heuristic should stay disabled */
      if( strcmp(heurname, "dualval") == 0 )
         continue;

      /* get frequency parameter of heuristic */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/freq", heurname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int deffreq;
         int newfreq;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         deffreq = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* change frequency to half of the default value, if it is > 0, otherwise set to 20 */
         if( deffreq == -1 || deffreq == 0 )
         {
            newfreq = 20;
         }
         else
         {
            newfreq = (int) SCIPsetCeil(set, deffreq/2.0);
            newfreq = MAX(newfreq, 1);
         }

         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, newfreq, quiet) );

         /* LP iteration limits only get increased for heuristics which are activated by default */
         if( SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param) > -1 )
         {
            /* construct (possible) parameter name for LP iteration offset */
            (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/maxlpiterofs", heurname);
            param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

            if( param != NULL && SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT )
            {
               /* set LP iteration offset to 1.5 time the current value */
               SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, (int) (1.5 * SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param)), quiet) );
            }

            /* construct (possible) parameter name for LP iteration quotient parameter */
            (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/maxlpiterquot", heurname);
            param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

            if( param != NULL && SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL )
            {
               /* set LP iteration quotient to 1.5 time the current value */
               SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, 1.5 * SCIPparamGetRealDefault(param), quiet) );
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /* set specific parameters for RENS heuristic, if the heuristic is included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindHeur(set, "rens") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetLongint(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/rens/nodesofs", (SCIP_Longint)2000, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/rens/minfixingrate", 0.3, quiet) );
   }

   /* set specific parameters for Crossover heuristic, if the heuristic is included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindHeur(set, "crossover") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetLongint(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/nwaitingnodes", (SCIP_Longint)20, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/dontwaitatroot", TRUE, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/nodesquot", 0.15, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "heuristics/crossover/minfixingrate", 0.5, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets heuristics to fast */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetHeuristicsFast(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   int i;

#define NEXPENSIVEHEURFREQS 15
   static const char* const expensiveheurfreqs[NEXPENSIVEHEURFREQS] = {
      "heuristics/coefdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/crossover/freq",
      "heuristics/distributiondiving/freq",
      "heuristics/feaspump/freq",
      "heuristics/fracdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/guideddiving/freq",
      "heuristics/linesearchdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/nlpdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/subnlp/freq",
      "heuristics/objpscostdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/pscostdiving/freq",
      "heuristics/rens/freq",
      "heuristics/rootsoldiving/freq",
      "heuristics/undercover/freq",
      "heuristics/veclendiving/freq"
   };

   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   /* explicitly turn off expensive heuristics, if included */
   for( i = 0; i < NEXPENSIVEHEURFREQS; ++i )
      if( SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)expensiveheurfreqs[i]) != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, expensiveheurfreqs[i], -1, quiet) );
      }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** turns all heuristics off */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetHeuristicsOff(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_HEUR** heurs;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nheurs;
   int i;

   heurs = set->heurs;
   nheurs = set->nheurs;

   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   for( i = 0; i < nheurs; ++i )
   {
      const char* heurname;
      heurname = SCIPheurGetName(heurs[i]);

      /* get frequency parameter of heuristic */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/freq", heurname);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, -1, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** resets all parameters that start with "presolving" in their name to their default value; additionally set the
 *  parameters which might have previously been changed by the methods SCIPparamsetSetToPresolving{Off,Fast,Aggressive}
 *  to their default value
 *
 *  @note fixed parameters stay as they are; you need to unfix them first if they should be changed, too
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetPresolvingDefault(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_PROP** props;
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   SCIP_PRESOL** presols;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nprops;
   int nconshdlrs;
   int npresols;
   int i;

   presols = set->presols;
   npresols = set->npresols;

   /* reset each individual presolver */
   for( i = 0; i < npresols; ++i )
   {
      const char* presolname;
      presolname = SCIPpresolGetName(presols[i]);

      /* reset maxrounds parameter of presolvers */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "presolving/%s/maxrounds", presolname);

      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
   }

   props = set->props;
   nprops = set->nprops;

   /* reset presolving for each individual propagator */
   for( i = 0; i < nprops; ++i )
   {
      const char* propname;
      propname = SCIPpropGetName(props[i]);

      /* reset maxprerounds parameter of propagator */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "propagating/%s/maxprerounds", propname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
   }

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* reset presolving settings for each individual constraint handler */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* reset maxprerounds parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/maxprerounds", conshdlrname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* reset presolpairwise parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/presolpairwise", conshdlrname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
   }

   /* explicitly reset parameters of setppc constraint handler, if the constraint handler is included */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/setppc/cliquelifting") );

   /* explicitly reset parameters of knapsack constraint handler, if the constraint handler is included */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/knapsack/disaggregation") );

   /* explicitly reset restart and maxrounds parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrestarts") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/restartfac") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/restartminred") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrounds") );

   /* explicitly reset probing parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/probing/maxuseless") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/probing/maxtotaluseless") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/probing/maxprerounds") );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets presolving to aggressive */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetPresolvingAggressive(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PARAM* param;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];

   /* reset previous changes on presolving parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   /* explicitly change restart parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/restartfac", 0.03, quiet) );
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/restartminred", 0.06, quiet) );

   /* explicitly change parameters of setppc constraint handler, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "setppc") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/setppc/cliquelifting", TRUE, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver boundshift, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "boundshift") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/boundshift/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver convertinttobin, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "convertinttobin") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/convertinttobin/maxrounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver dualagg, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "dualagg") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/dualagg/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver tworowbnd, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "tworowbnd") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/tworowbnd/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver redvub, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "redvub") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/redvub/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver implfree, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "implfree") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/implfree/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change parameters of probing */
   (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "propagating/probing/maxuseless");
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      int defvalue;

      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
      defvalue = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, (int) (1.5 * defvalue), quiet) );
   }
   (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "propagating/probing/maxtotaluseless");
   param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);
   if( param != NULL )
   {
      int defvalue;

      assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
      defvalue = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, (int) (1.5 * defvalue), quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets presolving to fast */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetPresolvingFast(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   SCIP_PARAM* param;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nconshdlrs;
   int i;

   /* reset previous changes on presolving parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* turn off pairwise comparison for each constraint handler that has this feature */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* get presolpairwise parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/presolpairwise", conshdlrname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL && SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, FALSE, quiet) );
      }
   }

   /* explicitly turn off restarts */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrestarts", 0, quiet) );

   /* explicitly change parameters of presolver convertinttobin, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "convertinttobin") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/convertinttobin/maxrounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* turn off probing, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindProp(set, "probing") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/probing/maxprerounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly disable components constraint handler, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "components") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/components/maxprerounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly disable dominated columns presolver, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "domcol") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/domcol/maxrounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly disable gate extraction presolver, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindPresol(set, "gateextraction") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/gateextraction/maxrounds", 0, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** turns all presolving off */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetPresolvingOff(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_PRESOL** presols;
   SCIP_PROP** props;
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int npresols;
   int nprops;
   int nconshdlrs;
   int i;

   /* reset previous changes on presolving parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   presols = set->presols;
   npresols = set->npresols;

   /* turn each individual presolver off */
   for( i = 0; i < npresols; ++i )
   {
      const char* presolname;
      presolname = SCIPpresolGetName(presols[i]);

      /* get maxrounds parameter of presolvers */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "presolving/%s/maxrounds", presolname);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, 0, quiet) );
   }

   props = set->props;
   nprops = set->nprops;

   /* turn off presolving for each individual propagator */
   for( i = 0; i < nprops; ++i )
   {
      const char* propname;
      propname = SCIPpropGetName(props[i]);

      /* get maxrounds parameter of propagator */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "propagating/%s/maxprerounds", propname);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, 0, quiet) );
   }

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* turn off presolving for each individual constraint handler */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* get maxprerounds parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/maxprerounds", conshdlrname);

      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, 0, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly turn off restarts */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrestarts", 0, quiet) );

   /* set the maximum number of presolving rounds to zero */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrounds", 0, quiet) );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** reset parameters that may have been changed by other SCIPparamsetSetSeparatingXyz to their default values
 *
 *  @note fixed parameters stay as they are; you need to unfix them first if they should be changed, too
 */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetSeparatingDefault(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   SCIP_SEPA** sepas;
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nconshdlrs;
   int nsepas;
   int i;

   sepas = set->sepas;
   nsepas = set->nsepas;

   /* reset separating parameters of all separators */
   for( i = 0; i < nsepas; ++i )
   {
      const char* sepaname;
      sepaname = SCIPsepaGetName(sepas[i]);

      /* reset frequency parameter of separator */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/freq", sepaname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* reset maximum number of rounds in root node */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/maxroundsroot", sepaname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* reset maximum number of cuts per separation in root node */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/maxsepacutsroot", sepaname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
   }

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* reset each individual constraint handler separation settings */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* reset separation frequency parameter of constraint handler, if available */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/sepafreq", conshdlrname);
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );

      /* reset maximal separated cuts in root node of constraint handler, if available */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/maxsepacutsroot", conshdlrname);
      if( SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname) != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname) );
      }
   }

   /* explicitly reset individual parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/linear/separateall") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/minorthoroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxroundsrootsubrun") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxaddrounds") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxcutsroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/poolfreq") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxfailsroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/maxtestdelta") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/trynegscaling") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxtriesroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxaggrsroot") );
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxbounddist") );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets separating to aggressive */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetSeparatingAggressive(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   SCIP_SEPA** sepas;
   SCIP_PARAM* param;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nconshdlrs;
   int nsepas;
   int i;

   sepas = set->sepas;
   nsepas = set->nsepas;

   /* set all separating parameters to default values */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   /* set separating parameters of all separators */
   for( i = 0; i < nsepas; ++i )
   {
      const char* sepaname;
      sepaname = SCIPsepaGetName(sepas[i]);

      /* intobj and cgmip separators should stay disabled */
      if( strcmp(sepaname, "intobj") == 0 || strcmp(sepaname, "cgmip") == 0 )
         continue;

      /* get frequency parameter of separator */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/freq", sepaname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int deffreq;
         int newfreq;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         deffreq = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* for enabled separators, change frequency to at least every 20th depths and 
          * enable disabled separators
          */
         if( deffreq == -1 )
            newfreq = 0;
         else if( deffreq == 0 )
            newfreq = 20;
         else
            newfreq = MIN(deffreq, 20);

         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, newfreq, quiet) );
      }

      /* get maximum number of rounds in root node */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/maxroundsroot", sepaname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int defrounds;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         defrounds = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* increase the maximum number of rounds in the root node by factor of 1.5 */
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, (int) (1.5 * defrounds), quiet) );
      }

      /* get maximum number of cuts per separation in root node */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/maxsepacutsroot", sepaname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int defnumber;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         defnumber = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* increase the maximum number of cut per separation rounds in the root node by factor of 2 */
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, 2*defnumber, quiet) );
      }
   }

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* set separating parameters of all constraint handlers */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* get separating frequency parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/sepafreq", conshdlrname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int deffreq;
         int newfreq;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         deffreq = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* for constraint handlers with enabled separation, change frequency to at least every 10th depths and 
          * enable disabled separation routines 
          */
         if( deffreq == -1 )
            newfreq = 0;
         else if( deffreq == 0 )
            newfreq = 10;
         else
            newfreq = MIN(deffreq, 10);

         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, newfreq, quiet) );
      }

      /* get maximal separated cuts in root node  of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/maxsepacutsroot", conshdlrname);
      param = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      if( param != NULL )
      {
         int defnumber;

         assert(SCIPparamGetType(param) == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);
         defnumber = SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param);

         /* change maximal cuts in root node to at least 500 */
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, MAX(defnumber, 500), quiet) );
      }
   }

   /* explicitly change general separating parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/minorthoroot", 0.1, quiet) );
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxroundsrootsubrun", 5, quiet) );
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxaddrounds", 5, quiet) );
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxcutsroot", 5000, quiet) );
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/poolfreq", 10, quiet) );

   /* explicitly change a separating parameter of the linear constraint handler, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "linear") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/linear/separateall", TRUE, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change a separating parameter of cmir separator, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "cmir") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxfailsroot", 200, quiet) );
   }

   /* explicitly change separating parameters of mcf separator, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "mcf") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/maxtestdelta", -1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/trynegscaling", TRUE, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets separating to fast */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetSeparatingFast(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   /* reset previous changes on separating parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   /* explicitly decrease maxbounddist */
   SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxbounddist", 0.0, quiet) );

   /* explicitly turn off expensive separators, if included */
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "and") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/and/sepafreq", 0, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "cmir") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxroundsroot", 5, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxtriesroot", 100, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxaggrsroot", 3, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/maxsepacutsroot", 200, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "flowcover") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/flowcover/freq", -1, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "gomory") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/gomory/maxroundsroot", 20, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/gomory/maxsepacutsroot", 200, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "mcf") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/freq", -1, quiet) );
   }
#ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindSepa(set, "strongcg") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/strongcg/maxroundsroot", 10, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/strongcg/maxsepacutsroot", 200, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** turns all cuts off */
static
SCIP_RETCODE paramsetSetSeparatingOff(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_SEPA** sepas;
   SCIP_CONSHDLR** conshdlrs;
   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
   int nsepas;
   int nconshdlrs;
   int i;

   /* reset previous changes on separating parameters */
   SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

   sepas = set->sepas;
   nsepas = set->nsepas;

   /* turn each individual separator off */
   for( i = 0; i < nsepas; ++i )
   {
      const char* sepaname;
      sepaname = SCIPsepaGetName(sepas[i]);

      /* get frequency parameter of separator */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/freq", sepaname);
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, -1, quiet) );
   }

   conshdlrs = set->conshdlrs;
   nconshdlrs = set->nconshdlrs;

   /* turn off separation for each individual constraint handler */
   for( i = 0; i < nconshdlrs; ++i )
   {
      const char* conshdlrname;
      conshdlrname = SCIPconshdlrGetName(conshdlrs[i]);

      /* get separation frequency parameter of constraint handler */
      (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "constraints/%s/sepafreq", conshdlrname);
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, -1, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets parameters to
 *
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_DEFAULT to use default values (see also SCIPparamsetSetToDefault())
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_COUNTER to get feasible and "fast" counting process
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_CPSOLVER to get CP like search (e.g. no LP relaxation)
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_EASYCIP to solve easy problems fast
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_FEASIBILITY to detect feasibility fast
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_HARDLP to be capable to handle hard LPs
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_OPTIMALITY to prove optimality fast
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEFEAS to find feasible solutions during a 3 phase solution process
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEIMPROVE to find improved solutions during a 3 phase solution process
 *  - \ref SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEPROOF to proof optimality during a 3 phase solution process
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetEmphasis(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS    paramemphasis,      /**< parameter emphasis */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   /* reset all parameter to default */
   SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetToDefaults(paramset, set, messagehdlr) );

   switch( paramemphasis )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_DEFAULT:
      /* the default values are already set */
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_COUNTER:
      /* TODO: should constraints/linear/detectlowerbound and detectcutoffbound be set to FALSE? */
      /* avoid logicor upgrade since the logicor constraint handler does not perform full propagation */ 
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/linear/upgrade/logicor", FALSE, quiet) );

      /* set priority for inference branching to highest possible value */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/inference/priority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );

      /* set priority for depth first search to highest possible value */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/dfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );

      /* avoid that the ZIMPL reader transforms the problem before the problem is generated */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "reading/zplreader/usestartsol", FALSE, quiet) );

      /* turn off all heuristics */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* turn off all separation */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* turn off restart */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrestarts", 0, quiet) );

      /* unlimited number of propagation rounds in any branch and bound node */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/maxrounds", -1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "propagating/maxroundsroot", -1, quiet) );

      /* adjust conflict analysis for depth first search */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/fuiplevels", 1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/dynamic", FALSE, quiet) );

      /* prefer binary variables for branching */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/preferbinary", TRUE, quiet) );

      /* turn on aggressive constraint aging */ 
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/agelimit", 1, quiet) );

      /* turn off components presolver since we are currently not able to handle that in case of counting */
#ifndef NDEBUG
      if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "components") != NULL )
#endif
      {
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/components/maxprerounds", 0, quiet) );
         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/components/propfreq", -1, quiet) );
      }
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_CPSOLVER:
      /* shrink the minimal maximum value for the conflict length */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/minmaxvars", 10, quiet) );

      /* use only first unique implication point */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/fuiplevels", 1, quiet) );

      /* do not use reconversion conflicts */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/reconvlevels", 0, quiet) );

      /* after 250 conflict we force a restart since then the variable statistics are reasonable initialized */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/restartnum", 250, quiet) );

      /* increase the number of conflicts which induce a restart */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/restartfac", 2.0, quiet) );

      /* weight the variable which made into a conflict */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "conflict/conflictweight", 1.0, quiet) );

      /* do not check pseudo solution (for performance reasons) */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/disableenfops", TRUE, quiet) );

      /* use value based history to detect a reasonable branching point */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "history/valuebased", TRUE, quiet) );

      /* turn of LP relaxation */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "lp/solvefreq", -1, quiet) );

      /* prefer the down branch in case the value based history does not suggest something */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetChar(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/childsel", 'd', quiet) );

      /* accept any bound change */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "numerics/boundstreps", 1e-6, quiet) );

      /* allow for at most 10 restart, after that the value based history should be reliable */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "presolving/maxrestarts", 10, quiet) );

      /* set priority for depth first search to highest possible value */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/dfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );

      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_EASYCIP:
      /* set heuristics to fast, to avoid spending to much time for involved heuristics */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* set presolving to fast, to avoid spending to much time for involved presolving */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* set separating to fast, to avoid spending to much time for involved separators */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_FEASIBILITY:
      /* set heuristics aggressive */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* reduce the amount of separation rounds and disable most expensive separators */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxrounds", 1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxroundsroot", 5, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/cmir/freq", -1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/flowcover/freq", -1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/mcf/freq", -1, quiet) );

      /* set priority for node selection "restartdfs" to be higher as the current used one */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/restartdfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_HARDLP:
      /* set heuristics to fast, to avoid heuristics which solve also an LP */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* set presolving to fast, to avoid spending to much time for involved presolving */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* reduce the amount of strong branching */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/maxreliable", 1.0, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/inititer", 10, quiet) );

      /* reduce the amount of separation rounds */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxrounds", 1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "separating/maxroundsroot", 5, quiet) );

      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_OPTIMALITY:
      /* set cuts aggressive */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* increase the amount of strong branching */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/fullstrong/maxdepth", 10, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/fullstrong/priority", INT_MAX / 4, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/fullstrong/maxbounddist", 0.0, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/sbiterquot", 1.0, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/sbiterofs", 1000000, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetReal(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/maxreliable", 10.0, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/usehyptestforreliability",TRUE, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEFEAS:

      /* enable two phase node selection: UCT will run first, but deactivate itself after a small number of nodes */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/uct/stdpriority", (INT_MAX / 4) + 1, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/restartdfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );

      /* enable inference branching */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/inference/priority", INT_MAX / 4, quiet) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEIMPROVE:
      /* use UCT node selection in all subSCIP heuristics that have this parameter */
      {
         int h;
         SCIP_HEUR** heurs = set->heurs;
         int nheurs = set->nheurs;

         for( h = 0; h < nheurs; ++h )
         {
            char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];
            if( SCIPheurUsesSubscip(heurs[h]) )
            {
               (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/useuct", SCIPheurGetName(heurs[h]));

               if( (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(paramset->hashtable, (void*)paramname) != NULL )
               {
                  SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, TRUE, quiet) );
               }
            }
         }

      }
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMEMPHASIS_PHASEPROOF:
      /* deactivate primal heuristics */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* make aggressive use of separators, also locally */
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );

      /* use depth-first node selection strategy that makes best use of LP warmstarts */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "nodeselection/dfs/stdpriority", INT_MAX/4, quiet) );

      /* enable dynamic weights for reliability pseudo cost branching */
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetBool(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "branching/relpscost/dynamicweights", TRUE, quiet) );
      break;

   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("the parameter setting <%d> is not allowed for emphasis call\n", paramemphasis);
      return SCIP_INVALIDCALL;
   }  
   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets parameters to deactivate separators and heuristics that use auxiliary SCIP instances; should be called for
 *  auxiliary SCIP instances to avoid recursion
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetToSubscipsOff(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   SCIP_HEUR** heurs;
   SCIP_SEPA** sepas;

   char paramname[SCIP_MAXSTRLEN];

   int nheurs;
   int nsepas;
   int i;

   heurs = set->heurs;
   nheurs = set->nheurs;

   /* disable all heuristics that use auxiliary SCIP instances */
   for( i = 0; i < nheurs; ++i )
   {
      if( SCIPheurUsesSubscip(heurs[i]) )
      {
         const char* heurname;
         heurname = SCIPheurGetName(heurs[i]);

         /* get frequency parameter of heuristic */
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "heuristics/%s/freq", heurname);

         /* we have to unfix the parameter if it fixed and not already set to -1 */
         if( SCIPparamsetIsFixed(paramset, paramname) )
         {
            int oldfreq;

            SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetGetInt(paramset, paramname, &oldfreq) );

            /* if the frequency is already set to -1, we do not have to unfix it, but must not try to set it, either */
            if( oldfreq == -1 )
               continue;

            /* unfix parameter */
            SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, NULL, "unfixing parameter %s in order to disable sub-SCIPs in the current (sub-)SCIP instance\n", paramname);
            SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetFix(paramset, paramname, FALSE) );
         }

         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, -1, quiet) );
      }
   }

   sepas = set->sepas;
   nsepas = set->nsepas;

   /* disable all separators that use auxiliary SCIP instances */
   for( i = 0; i < nsepas; ++i )
   {
      if( SCIPsepaUsesSubscip(sepas[i]) )
      {
         const char* sepaname;
         sepaname = SCIPsepaGetName(sepas[i]);

         /* get frequency parameter of separator */
         (void) SCIPsnprintf(paramname, SCIP_MAXSTRLEN, "separating/%s/freq", sepaname);

         /* we have to unfix the parameter if it fixed and not already set to -1 */
         if( SCIPparamsetIsFixed(paramset, paramname) )
         {
            int oldfreq;

            SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetGetInt(paramset, paramname, &oldfreq) );

            /* if the frequency is already set to -1, we do not have to unfix it, but must not try to set it, either */
            if( oldfreq == -1 )
               continue;

            /* unfix parameter */
            SCIPmessageFPrintInfo(messagehdlr, NULL, "unfixing parameter %s in order to disable sub-SCIPs in the current (sub-)SCIP instance\n", paramname);
            SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetFix(paramset, paramname, FALSE) );
         }

         SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, paramname, -1, quiet) );
      }
   }

   /* turn off components constraint handler */
   #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( SCIPsetFindConshdlr(set, "components") != NULL )
#endif
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/components/maxprerounds", 0, quiet) );
      SCIP_CALL( paramSetInt(paramset, set, messagehdlr, "constraints/components/propfreq", -1, quiet) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets heuristic parameters values to 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT which are the default values of all heuristic parameters 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST such that the time spend for heuristic is decreased
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE such that the heuristic are called more aggregative
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF which turn off all heuristics
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetHeuristics(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_PARAMSETTING     paramsetting,       /**< parameter settings */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   switch( paramsetting )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetHeuristicsAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("the parameter setting <%d> is not allowed for heuristics\n", paramsetting);
      return SCIP_INVALIDCALL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets presolving parameters to 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT which are the default values of all presolving parameters 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST such that the time spend for presolving is decreased
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE such that the presolving is more aggregative
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF which turn off all presolving
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetPresolving(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_PARAMSETTING     paramsetting,       /**< parameter settings */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   switch( paramsetting )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetPresolvingAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("the parameter setting <%d> is not allowed for presolving\n", paramsetting);
      return SCIP_INVALIDCALL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets separating parameters to 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT which are the default values of all separating parameters 
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST such that the time spend for separating is decreased
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE such that the separating is done more aggregative
 *  - SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF which turn off all separating
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetSetSeparating(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset,           /**< parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_PARAMSETTING     paramsetting,       /**< parameter settings */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   switch( paramsetting )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_DEFAULT:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingDefault(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_OFF:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingOff(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_FAST:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingFast(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   case SCIP_PARAMSETTING_AGGRESSIVE:
      SCIP_CALL( paramsetSetSeparatingAggressive(paramset, set, messagehdlr, quiet) );
      break;
   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("the parameter setting <%d> is not allowed for separating\n", paramsetting);
      return SCIP_INVALIDCALL;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** returns the array of parameters */
SCIP_PARAM** SCIPparamsetGetParams(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset            /**< parameter set */
   )
{
   assert(paramset != NULL);

   return paramset->params;
}

/** returns the number of parameters in the parameter set */
int SCIPparamsetGetNParams(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        paramset            /**< parameter set */
   )
{
   assert(paramset != NULL);

   return paramset->nparams;
}

/** copies all parameter values of the source parameter set to the corresponding parameters in the target set
 *
 *  by default reoptimization is disabled after copying the parameters. if you want to use reoptimization, you have
 *  to enable it explicitly.
 */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamsetCopyParams(
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        sourceparamset,     /**< source parameter set */
   SCIP_PARAMSET*        targetparamset,     /**< target parameter set */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings of target SCIP */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler of target SCIP */
   )
{
   int i;

   assert(sourceparamset != NULL);
   assert(targetparamset != NULL);
   assert(sourceparamset != targetparamset);
   assert(set != NULL);

   assert(sourceparamset->nparams == 0 || sourceparamset->params != NULL);
   assert(targetparamset->nparams == 0 || targetparamset->params != NULL);

   for( i = 0; i < sourceparamset->nparams; ++i )
   {
      SCIP_PARAM* sourceparam;
      SCIP_PARAM* targetparam;
      const char* paramname;

      sourceparam = sourceparamset->params[i];
      assert(sourceparam != NULL);

      /* find parameter of same name in target scip */
      paramname = SCIPparamGetName(sourceparam);
      targetparam = (SCIP_PARAM*)SCIPhashtableRetrieve(targetparamset->hashtable, (void*)paramname);

      /* if a plugin was not copied, the parameter does not exist in the target SCIP */
      if( targetparam == NULL )
         continue;

      assert(SCIPparamGetType(sourceparam) == SCIPparamGetType(targetparam));

      /* set value of target parameter to value of source parameter */
      switch( SCIPparamGetType(sourceparam) )
      {
      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
         SCIP_CALL( paramCopyBool(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         break;

      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
         SCIP_CALL( paramCopyInt(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         break;

      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
         SCIP_CALL( paramCopyLongint(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         break;

      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
         SCIP_CALL( paramCopyReal(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         break;

      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
         SCIP_CALL( paramCopyChar(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         break;

      case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
         /* the visualization parameters are explicitly not copied to avoid that the visualization file of the original SCIP is overwritten;
          * to avoid a hard coded comparison, each parameter could get a Bool flag which tells if the value
          * of that parameter can be copied
          */
         if( strncmp(sourceparam->name, "visual/", 7) != 0 )
         {
            SCIP_CALL( paramCopyString(sourceparam, targetparam, set, messagehdlr) );
         }
         break;

      default:
         SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
         return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
      }

      /* copy fixing status of parameter */
      SCIPparamSetFixed(targetparam, SCIPparamIsFixed(sourceparam));
   }

   /* disable reoptimization explicitly */
   if( set->reopt_enable )
   {
      if( SCIPsetIsParamFixed(set, "reoptimization/enable") )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetChgParamFixed(set, "reoptimization/enable", FALSE) );
      }
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamsetSetBool(targetparamset, set, messagehdlr, "reoptimization/enable", FALSE) );
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPsetSetReoptimizationParams(set, messagehdlr) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets fixing status of given parameter */
void SCIPparamSetFixed(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             fixed               /**< new fixing status of the parameter */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   param->isfixed = fixed;
}

/** checks whether value of bool parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             value               /**< value to check */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   return ( value == TRUE || value == FALSE );
}

/** checks whether value of integer parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   int                   value               /**< value to check */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   return ( value >= param->data.intparam.minvalue && value <= param->data.intparam.maxvalue );
}

/** checks whether value of SCIP_Longint parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_Longint          value               /**< value to check */
   )
{
   assert( param != NULL );

   return ( value >= param->data.longintparam.minvalue && value <= param->data.longintparam.maxvalue );
}

/** checks whether value of SCIP_Real parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_Real             value               /**< value to check */
   )
{
   assert( param != NULL );

   return ( value >= param->data.realparam.minvalue && value <= param->data.realparam.maxvalue );
}

/** checks whether value of char parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   const char            value               /**< value to check */
   )
{
   assert( param != NULL );

   if( value == '\b' || value == '\f' || value == '\n' || value == '\r' || value == '\v' )
      return FALSE;

   if( param->data.charparam.allowedvalues != NULL )
   {
      char* c;

      c = param->data.charparam.allowedvalues;
      while( *c != '\0' && *c != value )
         c++;

      if( *c != value )
         return FALSE;
   }

   return TRUE;
}

/** checks whether value of string parameter is valid */
SCIP_Bool SCIPparamIsValidString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   const char*           value               /**< value to check */
   )
{  /*lint --e{715}*/
   unsigned int i;

   for( i = 0; i < (unsigned int) strlen(value); ++i )
   {
      if( value[i] == '\b' || value[i] == '\f' || value[i] == '\n' || value[i] == '\r' || value[i] == '\v' )
         return FALSE;
   }
   return TRUE;
}

/** sets value of SCIP_Bool parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Bool             value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             initialize,         /**< is this the initialization of the parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestBool(param, messagehdlr, value) );

   /* is the value of the parameter changed? */
   if( initialize || (param->data.boolparam.valueptr != NULL && *param->data.boolparam.valueptr != value)
      || (param->data.boolparam.valueptr == NULL && param->data.boolparam.curvalue != value) )
   {
      SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

      /* set the parameter's current value */
      if( param->data.boolparam.valueptr != NULL )
         *param->data.boolparam.valueptr = value;
      else
         param->data.boolparam.curvalue = value;

      /* call the parameter's change information method */
      if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
      }
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets value of int parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   int                   value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             initialize,         /**< is this the initialization of the parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestInt(param, messagehdlr, value) );

   /* is the value of the parameter changed? */
   if( initialize || (param->data.intparam.valueptr != NULL && *param->data.intparam.valueptr != value)
      || (param->data.intparam.valueptr == NULL && param->data.intparam.curvalue != value) )
   {
      SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

      /* set the parameter's current value */
      if( param->data.intparam.valueptr != NULL )
         *param->data.intparam.valueptr = value;
      else
         param->data.intparam.curvalue = value;

      /* call the parameter's change information method */
      if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
      }
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets value of SCIP_Longint parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetLongint(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Longint          value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             initialize,         /**< is this the initialization of the parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestLongint(param, messagehdlr, value) );

   /* is the value of the parameter changed? */
   if( initialize ||  (param->data.longintparam.valueptr != NULL && *param->data.longintparam.valueptr != value)
      || (param->data.longintparam.valueptr == NULL && param->data.longintparam.curvalue != value) )
   {
      SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

      /* set the parameter's current value */
      if( param->data.longintparam.valueptr != NULL )
         *param->data.longintparam.valueptr = value;
      else
         param->data.longintparam.curvalue = value;

      /* call the parameter's change information method */
      if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
      }
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets value of SCIP_Real parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetReal(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   SCIP_Real             value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             initialize,         /**< is this the initialization of the parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   value = MAX(value, SCIP_REAL_MIN);
   value = MIN(value, SCIP_REAL_MAX);
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestReal(param, messagehdlr, value) );

   /* is the value of the parameter changed? */
   if( initialize || (param->data.realparam.valueptr != NULL && *param->data.realparam.valueptr != value) /*lint !e777*/
      || (param->data.realparam.valueptr == NULL && param->data.realparam.curvalue != value) ) /*lint !e777*/
   {
      SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

      /* set the parameter's current value */
      if( param->data.realparam.valueptr != NULL )
         *param->data.realparam.valueptr = value;
      else
         param->data.realparam.curvalue = value;

      /* call the parameter's change information method */
      if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
      }
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets value of char parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetChar(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   char                  value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             initialize,         /**< is this the initialization of the parameter? */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestChar(param, messagehdlr, value) );

   /* is the value of the parameter changed? */
   if( initialize || (param->data.charparam.valueptr != NULL && *param->data.charparam.valueptr != value)
      || (param->data.charparam.valueptr == NULL && param->data.charparam.curvalue != value) )
   {
      SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

      /* set the parameter's current value */
      if( param->data.charparam.valueptr != NULL )
         *param->data.charparam.valueptr = value;
      else
         param->data.charparam.curvalue = value;

      /* call the parameter's change information method */
      if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
      {
         SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
      }
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** sets value of string parameter */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetString(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings, or NULL if param change method should not be called */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           value,              /**< new value of the parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             quiet               /**< should the parameter be set quiet (no output) */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* check, if value is possible for the parameter and the parameter is not fixed */
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestString(param, messagehdlr, value) );
   SCIP_CALL_QUIET( paramTestFixed(param, messagehdlr) );

   /* set the parameter's current value */
   if( param->data.stringparam.valueptr != NULL )
   {
      BMSfreeMemoryArrayNull(param->data.stringparam.valueptr);
      SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(param->data.stringparam.valueptr, value, strlen(value)+1) );
   }
   else
   {
      BMSfreeMemoryArrayNull(&param->data.stringparam.curvalue);
      SCIP_ALLOC( BMSduplicateMemoryArray(&param->data.stringparam.curvalue, value, strlen(value)+1) );
   }

   /* call the parameter's change information method */
   if( param->paramchgd != NULL && set != NULL )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( param->paramchgd(set->scip, param) );
   }

   if( !quiet )
   {
      SCIP_CALL( paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, NULL, FALSE, TRUE) );
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}


/** changes default value of SCIP_Bool parameter */
void SCIPparamSetDefaultBool(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_Bool             defaultvalue        /**< new default value */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL);

   param->data.boolparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
}

/** changes default value of int parameter */
void SCIPparamSetDefaultInt(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   int                   defaultvalue        /**< new default value */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);
   assert(param->paramtype == SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT);

   assert(param->data.intparam.minvalue <= defaultvalue && param->data.intparam.maxvalue >= defaultvalue);

   param->data.intparam.defaultvalue = defaultvalue;
}

/** sets the parameter to its default setting */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamSetToDefault(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_SET*             set,                /**< global SCIP settings */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr         /**< message handler */
   )
{
   assert(param != NULL);

   /* do not change the parameter if it is fixed */
   if( SCIPparamIsFixed(param) )
   {
      SCIPsetDebugMsg(set, "parameter <%s> is fixed and is not reset to its default value.\n", param->name);

      return SCIP_OKAY;
   }

   switch( param->paramtype )
   {
   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_BOOL:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetBool(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetBoolDefault(param), FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_INT:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetInt(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetIntDefault(param), FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_LONGINT:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetLongint(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetLongintDefault(param), FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_REAL:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetReal(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetRealDefault(param), FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_CHAR:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetChar(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetCharDefault(param), FALSE, TRUE) );
      break;

   case SCIP_PARAMTYPE_STRING:
      SCIP_CALL( SCIPparamSetString(param, set, messagehdlr, SCIPparamGetStringDefault(param), TRUE) );
      break;

   default:
      SCIPerrorMessage("unknown parameter type\n");
      return SCIP_INVALIDDATA;
   }

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}

/** writes a single parameter to a file */
SCIP_RETCODE SCIPparamWrite(
   SCIP_PARAM*           param,              /**< parameter */
   SCIP_MESSAGEHDLR*     messagehdlr,        /**< message handler */
   const char*           filename,           /**< file name, or NULL for stdout */
   SCIP_Bool             comments,           /**< should parameter descriptions be written as comments? */
   SCIP_Bool             onlychanged         /**< should only the parameters been written, that are changed from default? */
   )
{
   SCIP_RETCODE retcode;
   FILE* file;

   assert(param != NULL);

   /* open the file for writing */
   if( filename != NULL )
   {
      file = fopen(filename, "w");
      if( file == NULL )
      {
         SCIPerrorMessage("cannot open file <%s> for writing\n", filename);
         SCIPprintSysError(filename);
         return SCIP_FILECREATEERROR;
      }
   }
   else
      file = NULL;

   /* write the parameter to the file */
   retcode = paramWrite(param, messagehdlr, file, comments, onlychanged);

   /* close output file */
   if( filename != NULL )
   {
      assert(file != NULL);  /*lint !e449*/
      fclose(file);
   }

   SCIP_CALL( retcode );

   return SCIP_OKAY;
}